香港巨牡蛎♀×太平洋牡蛎♂异源三倍体的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘剑  王昭萍  孔静  于瑞海  王有廷  王廷军 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(1):33-40

本文以香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)和太平洋牡蛎(C.gigas)为研究对象,进行牡蛎异源三倍体研究试验。在水温25℃条件下,香港巨牡蛎剥离卵子于海水中浸泡促熟1.5h后,与太平洋牡蛎精子受精,获得最高卵裂率为(24.40±3.79)%。受精后20min,采用盐度为10的低渗海水处理杂交受精卵25min,可获得68.65%的异源三倍体幼虫,孵化率为12.71%。异源三倍体幼虫的存活率和生长率均未表现出优势。受精后第9天,异源三倍体幼虫的存活率仅为(0.116±0.023)%,平均壳长为(103.50±0.85)(m;对照组的存活率和壳长分别为(42.17±2.74)%和(123.25±8.60)μm。幼虫在附着变态前死亡。  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎中大肠杆菌净化的实验研究     

慕翠敏  孔令峰  于红  李琪 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(Z1):83-86

静水中人工感染太平洋牡蛎,使其体内埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)浓度达到105 MPN/100g,然后放入紫外线循环系统中对其进行净化,研究贝水质量比(1∶3,1∶6,1∶10,1∶50)、水交换频率(1,3,5次/h)、温度(10,15,20,25℃)及净化层数(上层,中层,下层)等不同环境因子对牡蛎体内大肠杆菌净化的影响。在前6h大肠杆菌净化迅速,之后速度减慢,至36h时能净化2～3个对数值。不同环境因子的净化实验结果表明,当贝水比为1∶6,水交换律为3次/h,温度为15或25℃,净化层数为上层时净化效果最佳。  相似文献   

智利外海茎柔鱼耳石生长特性的性别差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆化杰  陈新军  刘必林 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(3):55-63

根据2007年1~6月和2008年1~5月我国鱿钓船在智利外海调查期间采集的茎柔鱼耳石样本,测量了503枚耳石外部形态参数(雌性348枚,雄性155枚),结合耳石日轮,对耳石生长特性的性别差异进行了研究.结果表明,耳石总长(TSL)、耳石半径(SR)、吻侧区长(RLL)、翼长(WL)及最大宽度(MW)可作为茎柔鱼耳石形态的表征参数.雌雄个体间耳石的生长在5个形态参数上均存在显著性差异,雌性个体 TSL 与日龄间关系最适为指数函数, SR 和 RLL 为幂函数, MW 和 WL 则为线性函数;雄性个体的 TSL、SR 和 RLL 与日龄间的关系最适为幂函数, MW 和 WL 为线性函数.雌性个体 TSL、SR、MW、RLL、WL 的相对生长率和SR、RLL 绝对生长率均随着日龄的增加而先增加后减小, TSL、MW 绝对生长率随着日龄的增加而增加,WL绝对生长率则随着日龄增加而呈现波动趋势;雄性个体 TSL、SR 相对生长率和 MW、RLL、WL 绝对生长率随着日龄增加先增加后减小,而 MW、RLL 和 WL 相对生长率和 TSL、SR 绝对生长率则随日龄增加呈现波动趋势.研究认为,茎柔鱼耳石生长存在性别差异,通常雌性生长较雄性快  相似文献   

香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物摄食率和滤清率的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

付家想  蓝文陆  李天深  李琼珍  范航清  黄凌风 《海洋学报》2017,39(8):62-69

本文在室内条件下研究了大、中、小3种规格的香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）对牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）、球等鞭藻（Isochrysis galbana）3种浮游植物在同等密度、同等生物量条件下的摄食率和滤清率,探讨了香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物的摄食差异及其影响因素。结果表明,在28℃水温条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位个体滤清率和单位体质量滤清率分别为1.40~8.94 L/（ind·h）和0.86~3.17 L/（g·h）,等密度和等生物量浮游植物条件下香港巨牡蛎均表现出单位个体滤清率由高到低依次为:大规格、中规格、小规格;不同规格香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率相近。相同藻类密度条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:亚心形扁藻、球等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻;相同生物量条件下,香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻。香港巨牡蛎对不同浮游植物种类和密度的滤清率、摄食率差异主要是受饵料的大小、营养质量和密度等因素影响。  相似文献   

Effect of cadmium on the defense response of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge     

丛明  吕家森  吴惠丰  赵建民 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5):1002-1009

Heavy metal pollution can affect the immune capability of organisms.We evaluated the effect of cadmium(Cd) on the defense responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge.The activities of several important defensive enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),acid phosphatase(ACP),Na+,K+-ATPase in gills and hepatopancreas,and phenoloxidase-like(POL) enzyme in hemolymph were assayed.In addition,the expression levels of several genes,including heat shock protein 90(HSP90),metallothionein(MT),and bactericidal/permeability increasing(BPI) protein were quantified by fluorescent quantitative PCR.The enzyme activities of SOD,ACP,POL,and GPx in hepatopancreas,and the expression of HSP90 were down-regulated,whereas GPx activity in the gill,Na+,K+-ATPase activities in both tissues,and MT expression was increased in Cdexposed oysters post L.anguillarum challenge.However,BPI expression was not significantly altered by co-stress of L.anguillarum infection and cadmium exposure.Our results suggest that cadmium exposure alters the oysters’ immune responses and energy metabolism following vibrio infection.  相似文献   

环渤海潮间带长牡蛎微塑料富集特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冉文  滕佳  刘永亮  吴迪  侯朝伟  王清  刘辉  赵建民 《海洋通报》2018,(5):583-590

微塑料是指最大粒径小于5 mm的塑料微粒,近年来其污染问题受到广泛的关注。2017年6月,在环渤海潮间带9个站位采集了野生长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)样品,通过组织消解、滤膜分离和显微镜检筛分微塑料样品,并利用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(μ-FT-IR)对其化学成分进行分析。结果表明,环渤海潮间带长牡蛎体内的微塑料摄入率为73.91%～95.65%;微塑料平均丰度为2.03个/个体,每克生物组织平均丰度为0.89个。长牡蛎体内的微塑料形状以纤维类最多,所占比例为67.06%,其次为碎片类,薄膜和颗粒类所占比例较少。微塑料颜色以蓝色居多,其次为白色。长牡蛎体内粒径小于500μm的微塑料所占比例最高,其次为粒径500～1 000μm的微塑料。微塑料化学成分包括人造纤维、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯等6种类型,其中人造纤维所占比例高达50.00%。以上结果表明,环渤海潮间带长牡蛎体内均存在一定的微塑料富集;与国内外其它研究相比,整体处于中等偏下水平;港口等站位的长牡蛎体内的微塑料丰度较高,而自然保护区站位的长牡蛎体内的微塑料丰度较低,表明微塑料污染与人类活动频繁程度密切相关。  相似文献   

The Role of Suspended Oyster Culture on Nitrogen Cycle in Hiroshima Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Putth Songsangjinda  Osamu Matsuda  Tamiji Yamamoto  Narasimmalu Rajendran  Hajime Maeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(2):223-231

The predominance of bivalves affects the cycle of materials in the coastal ecosystem. In the present study, the role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle was demonstrated for the northern Hiroshima Bay. The nitrogen cycle was considered as two systems, (1) the primary production (PP) system and (2) the oyster culture (OC) system. The results show that about 26% of N productivity was supplied to process by cultured oysters in the OC system. This process varies seasonally due to the seasonal variations of PON, physiological activities and biomass of oysters. The N processing rates were found to be high in summer and low in winter. The biodeposition and excretion of N in the OC system are 3.0 and 2.1 ton N d^–1, while the natural sedimentation rate and N regeneration in the PP system are 8.3 and 18.0 ton N d^–1, which indicates that the PP system is a major system regenerating N in the water column. The release of total dissolved N from the bottom to the water column is about 8.3 ton N d^–1. The amount of N harvested as oyster product was about 1.3 ton N d^–1, which is about 10% of daily N loading in north Hiroshima Bay. According to the N cycle developed in the present study, the results suggest the significant role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, our results indicate that oyster production was efficiently harvested, suggesting that oyster culture could probably be used as a tool to remove N from Hiroshima Bay.  相似文献   

Inheritance of 15 microsatellites in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas： segregation and null allele identification for linkage analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李莉  郭希明  张国范 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(1)

Microsatellites were screened in a backcross family of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Fifteen microsatellite loci were distinguishable and polymorphic with 6 types of allele-combinations. Null alleles were detected in 46.7% of loci, accounting for 11.7% of the total alleles. Four loci did not segregate in Mendelian Ratios. Three linkage groups were identified among 7 of the 15 segregating loci. Fluorescence-based automated capillary electrophoresis (ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer) that used to detect the microsatellite loci, has been proved a fast, precise, and reliable method in microsatellite genotyping.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of trophic relationships among co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture dominated ecosystems     

Sébastien Lefebvre  Julio César Marín Leal  Stanislas Dubois  Francis Orvain  Jean-Louis Blin  Marie-Paule Bataillé  Alain Ourry  Robert Galois 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen isotope values of co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture areas (Normandy, France) were investigated over two years to evaluate the inter-specific trophic partitioning and relative contributions of organic matter sources to benthic suspension-feeders' diet. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus edulis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata), and sand-mason worms (Lanice conchilega) were sampled in an estuarine environment (Baie des Veys, east Cotentin, Normandy), while oysters, mussels, slipper limpets, and honeycomb worms (Sabellaria alveolata) were sampled in an open-marine environment (Lingreville-sur-mer, west Cotentin, Normandy). Whatever the sampling period, the bivalves, C. gigas and M. edulis, exhibited the lowest values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N compared with the other species. Feeding relationships among suspension-feeders in both C. gigas culture areas exhibited temporal variations due to the marine/estuarine influence and seasonal changes in food supply. In the open-marine ecosystem, the contribution of phytoplankton remained the most important for all species except S. alveolata, while in the estuarine ecosystem, microphytobenthos and/or macroalgae detritus contributed a larger extent to the organisms' diets. During phytoplankton bloom periods (e.g. May and July) suspension-feeders, except for S. alveolata, relied strongly on phytoplankton; however, the majority of suspension-feeders exhibited different opportunistic behaviour in winter when phytoplankton biomass might be a limiting factor. We hypothesized that differences in particle capture and selection by the suspension-feeders influenced their isotopic values. Feeding ecology of suspension-feeders partly explained why competition was limited and why ecosystems can often support unexpectedly large numbers of suspension-feeders. We also showed that understanding ecosystem characteristics of the organic matter sources is of primary importance to determine the extent to which members of the suspension-feeding guild potentially compete for food.  相似文献   

Triploidy induction in Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas by caffeine with thermal shock     

Zhang Guo-fan  Chang Ya-qing  Song Jian  Ding Jun  Shen Jin-kai  Wang Yong-ping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(3):249-255

Zygotes of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were treated for triploid induction with caffeine (10 mmol/L, 15mmol/L and 20mmol/L) in combination with thermal shocks (at 40 minute post-fertilization) lasting for 5 and 10 minutes. The highest yield of triploids, 41.5%, was obtained from the treatment with 20 mmol/L caffeine at 34°C lasting 10 minutes. The triploid levels were less than 30.0% in other treatments. Triploid induction was more effective in treatment with 15–20 mmol/L caffeine at 34–38 °C than with lower concentrations of caffeine at temperatures below 32 °C. Our results suggest that triploid induction with caffeine in combination with thermal shocks is less efficient than some other methods reported previously.  相似文献